diff --git a/ext/bg/js/audio-downloader.js b/ext/bg/js/audio-downloader.js
index 8dd5d10f..1a3428e1 100644
--- a/ext/bg/js/audio-downloader.js
+++ b/ext/bg/js/audio-downloader.js
@@ -17,11 +17,11 @@
 
 /* global
  * SimpleDOMParser
- * jp
  */
 
 class AudioDownloader {
-    constructor({requestBuilder}) {
+    constructor({japaneseUtil, requestBuilder}) {
+        this._japaneseUtil = japaneseUtil;
         this._requestBuilder = requestBuilder;
         this._getInfoHandlers = new Map([
             ['jpod101', this._getInfoJpod101.bind(this)],
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ class AudioDownloader {
         let kana = reading;
         let kanji = expression;
 
-        if (!kana && jp.isStringEntirelyKana(kanji)) {
+        if (!kana && this._japaneseUtil.isStringEntirelyKana(kanji)) {
             kana = kanji;
             kanji = null;
         }
diff --git a/ext/bg/js/backend.js b/ext/bg/js/backend.js
index 6ff4e3f7..f9c308e5 100644
--- a/ext/bg/js/backend.js
+++ b/ext/bg/js/backend.js
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
  * ClipboardReader
  * DictionaryDatabase
  * Environment
+ * JapaneseUtil
  * JsonSchemaValidator
  * Mecab
  * MediaUtility
@@ -30,14 +31,18 @@
  * ProfileConditions
  * RequestBuilder
  * Translator
- * jp
+ * wanakana
  */
 
 class Backend {
     constructor() {
+        this._japaneseUtil = new JapaneseUtil(wanakana);
         this._environment = new Environment();
         this._dictionaryDatabase = new DictionaryDatabase();
-        this._translator = new Translator(this._dictionaryDatabase);
+        this._translator = new Translator({
+            japaneseUtil: this._japaneseUtil,
+            database: this._dictionaryDatabase
+        });
         this._anki = new AnkiConnect();
         this._mecab = new Mecab();
         this._mediaUtility = new MediaUtility();
@@ -48,6 +53,7 @@ class Backend {
             mediaUtility: this._mediaUtility
         });
         this._clipboardMonitor = new ClipboardMonitor({
+            japaneseUtil: this._japaneseUtil,
             clipboardReader: this._clipboardReader
         });
         this._options = null;
@@ -57,6 +63,7 @@ class Backend {
         this._defaultAnkiFieldTemplates = null;
         this._requestBuilder = new RequestBuilder();
         this._audioDownloader = new AudioDownloader({
+            japaneseUtil: this._japaneseUtil,
             requestBuilder: this._requestBuilder
         });
         this._optionsUtil = new OptionsUtil();
@@ -952,6 +959,7 @@ class Backend {
     }
 
     async _textParseScanning(text, options) {
+        const jp = this._japaneseUtil;
         const {scanning: {length: scanningLength}, parsing: {readingMode}} = options;
         const findTermsOptions = this._getTranslatorFindTermsOptions({wildcard: null}, options);
         const results = [];
@@ -981,6 +989,7 @@ class Backend {
     }
 
     async _textParseMecab(text, options) {
+        const jp = this._japaneseUtil;
         const {parsing: {readingMode}} = options;
         const results = [];
         const rawResults = await this._mecab.parseText(text);
diff --git a/ext/bg/js/clipboard-monitor.js b/ext/bg/js/clipboard-monitor.js
index 4d980e11..5be6d373 100644
--- a/ext/bg/js/clipboard-monitor.js
+++ b/ext/bg/js/clipboard-monitor.js
@@ -15,18 +15,15 @@
  * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */
 
-/* global
- * jp
- */
-
 class ClipboardMonitor extends EventDispatcher {
-    constructor({clipboardReader}) {
+    constructor({japaneseUtil, clipboardReader}) {
         super();
+        this._japaneseUtil = japaneseUtil;
+        this._clipboardReader = clipboardReader;
         this._timerId = null;
         this._timerToken = null;
         this._interval = 250;
         this._previousText = null;
-        this._clipboardReader = clipboardReader;
     }
 
     start() {
@@ -53,7 +50,7 @@ class ClipboardMonitor extends EventDispatcher {
                 text !== this._previousText
             ) {
                 this._previousText = text;
-                if (jp.isStringPartiallyJapanese(text)) {
+                if (this._japaneseUtil.isStringPartiallyJapanese(text)) {
                     this.trigger('change', {text});
                 }
             }
diff --git a/ext/bg/js/search-main.js b/ext/bg/js/search-main.js
index 07130631..f98028b3 100644
--- a/ext/bg/js/search-main.js
+++ b/ext/bg/js/search-main.js
@@ -17,7 +17,9 @@
 
 /* global
  * DisplaySearch
+ * JapaneseUtil
  * api
+ * wanakana
  */
 
 (async () => {
@@ -25,7 +27,8 @@
         api.forwardLogsToBackend();
         await yomichan.backendReady();
 
-        const displaySearch = new DisplaySearch();
+        const japaneseUtil = new JapaneseUtil(wanakana);
+        const displaySearch = new DisplaySearch(japaneseUtil);
         await displaySearch.prepare();
 
         document.documentElement.dataset.loaded = 'true';
diff --git a/ext/bg/js/search.js b/ext/bg/js/search.js
index effa31bc..d99e76e0 100644
--- a/ext/bg/js/search.js
+++ b/ext/bg/js/search.js
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@
  */
 
 class DisplaySearch extends Display {
-    constructor() {
-        super('search');
+    constructor(japaneseUtil) {
+        super('search', japaneseUtil);
         this._searchButton = document.querySelector('#search-button');
         this._queryInput = document.querySelector('#search-textbox');
         this._introElement = document.querySelector('#intro');
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ class DisplaySearch extends Display {
         this._introAnimationTimer = null;
         this._clipboardMonitorEnabled = false;
         this._clipboardMonitor = new ClipboardMonitor({
+            japaneseUtil,
             clipboardReader: {
                 getText: async () => (await api.clipboardGet())
             }
@@ -129,7 +130,7 @@ class DisplaySearch extends Display {
     postProcessQuery(query) {
         if (this._wanakanaEnabled) {
             try {
-                query = wanakana.toKana(query);
+                query = this._japaneseUtil.convertToKana(query);
             } catch (e) {
                 // NOP
             }
diff --git a/ext/bg/js/settings/pitch-accents-preview-main.js b/ext/bg/js/settings/pitch-accents-preview-main.js
index 59e5b194..23814089 100644
--- a/ext/bg/js/settings/pitch-accents-preview-main.js
+++ b/ext/bg/js/settings/pitch-accents-preview-main.js
@@ -21,7 +21,10 @@
 
 (async () => {
     try {
-        const displayGenerator = new DisplayGenerator({mediaLoader: null});
+        const displayGenerator = new DisplayGenerator({
+            japaneseUtil: null,
+            mediaLoader: null
+        });
         await displayGenerator.prepare();
         displayGenerator.preparePitchAccents();
     } catch (e) {
diff --git a/ext/bg/js/template-renderer-frame-main.js b/ext/bg/js/template-renderer-frame-main.js
index 7d3e1493..171028a3 100644
--- a/ext/bg/js/template-renderer-frame-main.js
+++ b/ext/bg/js/template-renderer-frame-main.js
@@ -16,12 +16,14 @@
  */
 
 /* globals
+ * JapaneseUtil
  * TemplateRenderer
  * TemplateRendererFrameApi
  */
 
 (() => {
-    const templateRenderer = new TemplateRenderer();
+    const japaneseUtil = new JapaneseUtil(null);
+    const templateRenderer = new TemplateRenderer(japaneseUtil);
     const api = new TemplateRendererFrameApi(templateRenderer);
     api.prepare();
 })();
diff --git a/ext/bg/js/template-renderer.js b/ext/bg/js/template-renderer.js
index c1995acd..6a76a4e6 100644
--- a/ext/bg/js/template-renderer.js
+++ b/ext/bg/js/template-renderer.js
@@ -17,11 +17,11 @@
 
 /* global
  * Handlebars
- * jp
  */
 
 class TemplateRenderer {
-    constructor() {
+    constructor(japaneseUtil) {
+        this._japaneseUtil = japaneseUtil;
         this._cache = new Map();
         this._cacheMaxSize = 5;
         this._helpersRegistered = false;
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ class TemplateRenderer {
 
     _furigana(context, ...args) {
         const {expression, reading} = this._getFuriganaExpressionAndReading(context, ...args);
-        const segs = jp.distributeFurigana(expression, reading);
+        const segs = this._japaneseUtil.distributeFurigana(expression, reading);
 
         let result = '';
         for (const seg of segs) {
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ class TemplateRenderer {
 
     _furiganaPlain(context, ...args) {
         const {expression, reading} = this._getFuriganaExpressionAndReading(context, ...args);
-        const segs = jp.distributeFurigana(expression, reading);
+        const segs = this._japaneseUtil.distributeFurigana(expression, reading);
 
         let result = '';
         for (const seg of segs) {
@@ -161,6 +161,7 @@ class TemplateRenderer {
     }
 
     _kanjiLinks(context, options) {
+        const jp = this._japaneseUtil;
         let result = '';
         for (const c of options.fn(context)) {
             if (jp.isCodePointKanji(c.codePointAt(0))) {
@@ -385,10 +386,10 @@ class TemplateRenderer {
     }
 
     _isMoraPitchHigh(context, index, position) {
-        return jp.isMoraPitchHigh(index, position);
+        return this._japaneseUtil.isMoraPitchHigh(index, position);
     }
 
     _getKanaMorae(context, text) {
-        return jp.getKanaMorae(`${text}`);
+        return this._japaneseUtil.getKanaMorae(`${text}`);
     }
 }
diff --git a/ext/bg/js/translator.js b/ext/bg/js/translator.js
index 45d7f17a..f577d0e1 100644
--- a/ext/bg/js/translator.js
+++ b/ext/bg/js/translator.js
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 /* global
  * Deinflector
  * TextSourceMap
- * jp
  */
 
 /**
@@ -29,7 +28,8 @@ class Translator {
      * Creates a new Translator instance.
      * @param database An instance of DictionaryDatabase.
      */
-    constructor(database) {
+    constructor({japaneseUtil, database}) {
+        this._japaneseUtil = japaneseUtil;
         this._database = database;
         this._deinflector = null;
         this._tagCache = new Map();
@@ -318,6 +318,7 @@ class Translator {
             collapseEmphaticOptions
         ];
 
+        const jp = this._japaneseUtil;
         const deinflections = [];
         const used = new Set();
         for (const [halfWidth, numeric, alphabetic, katakana, hiragana, [collapseEmphatic, collapseEmphaticFull]] of this._getArrayVariants(textOptionVariantArray)) {
@@ -846,6 +847,7 @@ class Translator {
             return text;
         }
 
+        const jp = this._japaneseUtil;
         let newText = '';
         for (const c of text) {
             if (!jp.isCodePointJapanese(c.codePointAt(0))) {
@@ -1031,7 +1033,7 @@ class Translator {
         this._sortTags(definitionTagsExpanded);
         this._sortTags(termTagsExpanded);
 
-        const furiganaSegments = jp.distributeFurigana(expression, reading);
+        const furiganaSegments = this._japaneseUtil.distributeFurigana(expression, reading);
         const termDetailsList = [this._createTermDetails(sourceTerm, expression, reading, furiganaSegments, termTagsExpanded)];
         const sourceTermExactMatchCount = (sourceTerm === expression ? 1 : 0);
 
diff --git a/ext/fg/js/float-main.js b/ext/fg/js/float-main.js
index 6b4daebb..a8554867 100644
--- a/ext/fg/js/float-main.js
+++ b/ext/fg/js/float-main.js
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 
 /* global
  * Display
+ * JapaneseUtil
  * api
  */
 
@@ -25,7 +26,8 @@
         api.forwardLogsToBackend();
         await yomichan.backendReady();
 
-        const display = new Display('popup');
+        const japaneseUtil = new JapaneseUtil(null);
+        const display = new Display('popup', japaneseUtil);
         await display.prepare();
         display.initializeState();
 
diff --git a/ext/mixed/js/display-generator.js b/ext/mixed/js/display-generator.js
index 63140330..82f6199b 100644
--- a/ext/mixed/js/display-generator.js
+++ b/ext/mixed/js/display-generator.js
@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@
  * DictionaryDataUtil
  * HtmlTemplateCollection
  * api
- * jp
  */
 
 class DisplayGenerator {
-    constructor({mediaLoader}) {
+    constructor({japaneseUtil, mediaLoader}) {
+        this._japaneseUtil = japaneseUtil;
         this._mediaLoader = mediaLoader;
         this._templates = null;
         this._termPitchAccentStaticTemplateIsSetup = false;
@@ -354,6 +354,7 @@ class DisplayGenerator {
     }
 
     _createPitch(details) {
+        const jp = this._japaneseUtil;
         const {reading, position, tags, exclusiveExpressions, exclusiveReadings} = details;
         const morae = jp.getKanaMorae(reading);
 
@@ -417,6 +418,7 @@ class DisplayGenerator {
     }
 
     _populatePitchGraph(svg, position, morae) {
+        const jp = this._japaneseUtil;
         const svgns = svg.getAttribute('xmlns');
         const ii = morae.length;
         svg.setAttribute('viewBox', `0 0 ${50 * (ii + 1)} 100`);
@@ -475,6 +477,7 @@ class DisplayGenerator {
     }
 
     _appendKanjiLinks(container, text) {
+        const jp = this._japaneseUtil;
         let part = '';
         for (const c of text) {
             if (jp.isCodePointKanji(c.codePointAt(0))) {
diff --git a/ext/mixed/js/display.js b/ext/mixed/js/display.js
index f3aead44..b9daa9a0 100644
--- a/ext/mixed/js/display.js
+++ b/ext/mixed/js/display.js
@@ -34,9 +34,10 @@
  */
 
 class Display extends EventDispatcher {
-    constructor(pageType) {
+    constructor(pageType, japaneseUtil) {
         super();
         this._pageType = pageType;
+        this._japaneseUtil = japaneseUtil;
         this._container = document.querySelector('#definitions');
         this._definitions = [];
         this._optionsContext = {depth: 0, url: window.location.href};
@@ -53,7 +54,10 @@ class Display extends EventDispatcher {
         this._autoPlayAudioTimer = null;
         this._autoPlayAudioDelay = 400;
         this._mediaLoader = new MediaLoader();
-        this._displayGenerator = new DisplayGenerator({mediaLoader: this._mediaLoader});
+        this._displayGenerator = new DisplayGenerator({
+            japaneseUtil,
+            mediaLoader: this._mediaLoader
+        });
         this._hotkeys = new Map();
         this._actions = new Map();
         this._messageHandlers = new Map();
@@ -177,6 +181,10 @@ class Display extends EventDispatcher {
         return this._mode;
     }
 
+    get japaneseUtil() {
+        return this._japaneseUtil;
+    }
+
     async prepare() {
         // State setup
         const {documentElement} = document;
diff --git a/ext/mixed/js/japanese.js b/ext/mixed/js/japanese.js
index 2177ceee..4bd0dc65 100644
--- a/ext/mixed/js/japanese.js
+++ b/ext/mixed/js/japanese.js
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
  * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */
 
-const jp = (() => {
+const JapaneseUtil = (() => {
     const ITERATION_MARK_CODE_POINT = 0x3005;
     const HIRAGANA_SMALL_TSU_CODE_POINT = 0x3063;
     const KATAKANA_SMALL_TSU_CODE_POINT = 0x30c3;
@@ -179,19 +179,8 @@ const jp = (() => {
         }
     }
 
-    function getWanakana() {
-        try {
-            if (typeof wanakana !== 'undefined') {
-                // eslint-disable-next-line no-undef
-                return wanakana;
-            }
-        } catch (e) {
-            // NOP
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
-
 
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-shadow
     class JapaneseUtil {
         constructor(wanakana=null) {
             this._wanakana = wanakana;
@@ -258,6 +247,10 @@ const jp = (() => {
 
         // Conversion functions
 
+        convertToKana(text) {
+            return this._getWanakana().toKana(text);
+        }
+
         convertKatakanaToHiragana(text) {
             let result = '';
             const offset = (HIRAGANA_CONVERSION_RANGE[0] - KATAKANA_CONVERSION_RANGE[0]);
@@ -591,5 +584,5 @@ const jp = (() => {
     }
 
 
-    return new JapaneseUtil(getWanakana());
+    return JapaneseUtil;
 })();
diff --git a/test/test-japanese.js b/test/test-japanese.js
index e70698da..97d613fe 100644
--- a/test/test-japanese.js
+++ b/test/test-japanese.js
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ vm.execute([
     'mixed/js/japanese.js',
     'bg/js/text-source-map.js'
 ]);
-const jp = vm.get('jp');
-const TextSourceMap = vm.get('TextSourceMap');
+const [JapaneseUtil, TextSourceMap, wanakana] = vm.get(['JapaneseUtil', 'TextSourceMap', 'wanakana']);
+const jp = new JapaneseUtil(wanakana);
 
 
 function testIsCodePointKanji() {